学习# DigitalSreeni# Python

DIP-Introductory python tutorials for image processing(44-45)-Color Spaces

学习自 Youtube 博主 DigitalSreeni。

正文

Tutorial 44 - A note about color spaces in python

Color spaces

Color spaces are a way to represent color information present in an image.

3 popular color spaces are RGB, HSV and LAB.

python
import cv2
from skimage import io
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
color_opencv = cv2.imread('images/Osteosarcoma_01.tif', 1)
gray_opencv = cv2.imread('images/Osteosarcoma_01.tif', 0)
 
color_skimage = io.imread('images/Osteosarcoma_01.tif', as_gray=False)
gray_skimage = io.imread('images/Osteosarcoma_01.tif', as_gray=True)

RGB Color space

Stores information as Red, Green and Blue channels.

Additive color model.

Both scikit-image and opencv read color images by default as RGB but, opencv stored color infromation as BGR.

python
B, G, R = cv2.split(color_opencv)
 
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
 
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
ax1.imshow(color_opencv)
ax1.title.set_text('Original')
 
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
ax2.imshow(B, cmap='gray')
ax2.title.set_text('B')
 
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
ax3.imshow(G, cmap='gray')
ax3.title.set_text('G')
 
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
ax4.imshow(R, cmap='gray')
ax4.title.set_text('R')
png

HSV

HSV stores color image information as Hue, Saturation and Value.

HSV separates luma, or the image intensity, from chroma or the color information.

HSV 将亮度或图像强度从色度或颜色信息中分离出来。

When to use HSV?

For applications where you need to change only pixel intensites and not color information.

适用于只需要更改像素强度而不需要更改颜色信息的应用程序。

e.g. histogram equalization 直方图均衡化

python
hsv_image = cv2.cvtColor(color_opencv, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
H, S, V = cv2.split(hsv_image)
 
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
 
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
ax1.imshow(color_opencv)
ax1.title.set_text('Original')
 
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
ax2.imshow(H, cmap='gray')
ax2.title.set_text('H')
 
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
ax3.imshow(S, cmap='gray')
ax3.title.set_text('S')
 
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
ax4.imshow(V, cmap='gray')
ax4.title.set_text('V')
png

LAB

LAB expresses color as three values:

  • L - for the lightness (consider this as your grey scale image)

  • A - from green to red

  • B - from blue to yellow

When to use LAB?

Just like HSV, LAB can be used for applications where you need to change only pixel intensities and color information.

就像 HSV 一样，LAB 可以用于只需要更改像素强度和颜色信息的应用程序。

e.g. histogram equalization

Either HSV or LAB can be used interchangeably for most image processing tasks.

对于大多数图像处理任务，HSV 或 LAB 都可以互换使用。

python
lab_image = cv2.cvtColor(color_opencv, cv2.COLOR_BGR2LAB)
L, A, B = cv2.split(lab_image)
 
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
 
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
ax1.imshow(color_opencv)
ax1.title.set_text('Original')
 
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
ax2.imshow(L, cmap='gray')
ax2.title.set_text('L')
 
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
ax3.imshow(A, cmap='gray')
ax3.title.set_text('A')
 
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
ax4.imshow(B, cmap='gray')
ax4.title.set_text('B')
png

Tutorial 45 - Applying filters designed for grey scale to color images in python

python
from skimage.color.adapt_rgb import adapt_rgb, each_channel, hsv_value
from skimage import filters
from skimage import io
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from skimage.color import rgb2gray
  • Fails on color images as it is a grey filter
  • May work with newest skimage, but not clear what is does.
python
image = io.imread('images/monalisa.jpg')
try_to_apply_sobel = filters.sobel(image)
plt.imshow(try_to_apply_sobel)
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x2c0eaaeab50>
png

Two ways to apply the filter on color images

  • Separate R, G and B channels and apply the filter to each channel and put the channel back together.

    • 分开 R, G 和 B 通道，对每个通道使用过滤器，然后把通道放回一起。

  • Convert RGB to HSV and then apply filter to V channel and put it back to HSV and convert to RGB.

    • 将 RGB 转换为 HSV，然后对 V 通道应用滤镜，将其放回 HSV 并转换为 RGB。

Too many lines of code to do these tasks but with adapt_rgb decorator the task becomes easy.

  • 太多的代码行来完成这些任务，但使用 adapt_rgb 装饰器，任务变得容易。
python
@adapt_rgb(each_channel)  # 修饰器
def sobel_each(image):
    return filters.sobel(image)
 
 
@adapt_rgb(hsv_value)
def sobel_hsv(image):
    return filters.sobel(image)
python
each_channel_image = sobel_each(image)
hsv_value_image = sobel_hsv(image)
plt.imshow(hsv_value_image)
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x2c0eab5cb50>
png
python
import cv2
 
 
@adapt_rgb(each_channel)
def median_each(image, k):
    output_image = cv2.medianBlur(image, k)
    return output_image
 
median_using_cv2 = median_each(image, 13)
plt.imshow(median_using_cv2)
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x2c0eb86fbb0>
png
python
from skimage import exposure
 
 
@adapt_rgb(each_channel)
def eq_each(image):
    output_image = exposure.equalize_hist(image)
    return (output_image)
 
equ_RGB = eq_each(image)
plt.imshow(equ_RGB)
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x2c0ec1ef3d0>
png
python
@adapt_rgb(hsv_value)
def eq_hsv(image):
    output_image = exposure.equalize_hist(image)
    return (output_image)
 
equ_hsv = eq_hsv(image)
plt.imshow(equ_hsv)
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x2c0ed2423a0>
png
python
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
 
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax1.imshow(image)
ax1.title.set_text('Input Image')
 
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax2.imshow(equ_RGB)
ax2.title.set_text('Equalized using RGB channels')
 
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax3.imshow(equ_hsv)
ax3.title.set_text('Equalized using v channel in hsv')
 
plt.show()
png